218 QUARTZ FAMILY, be imported from Japan into Holland, and from thence were carried to Oberstein, in the Department of Saare, in France, in order to be exchanged for the agates of that country, which were exported to China. The carnelian was much esteemed by the ancients, Many fine antique engraved carnelians are preserved in collections; and these have been described by Count Caylus, De Dree, and others. The sardonyx was cut into cameas, and afforded by far the most beautiful ar ticles of this kind. The finest antique camea at present known, is in the French Imperial Museum at Paris : it is cut in a sardonyx, is of an oval shape, and is eleven inches by nine m breadth : it represents the Apotheosis of Augustus. Observations. 1. It is distinguished from Common Calcedony by its glistening lustre, and conchoidal fracture. The milk- white variety, which approaches to common calcedony, may be distinguished from it, by conchoidal fracture, and greater transparency. 2. It bears the same relation to Common Calcedony that Conchoidal Hornstone does to Splintery Iiornstone. 3. It passes into Iiornstone. 4. It was first accurately described by Werner, and united with the sardonyx of the ancients. Werner di vided it into two kinds, Conchoidal and Fibrous. 5. Carnelian is named sarda by the ancients, accord ing to some, from the city of Sardis in Lydia, in the v 'i' cinity of which this stone was found; according to others, from Sardinia, where it was also found ; or according 1° others, from the Greek word which was given t/> it by reason of its predominating flesh-red colour; lastly, some
