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CARNELIAN. 217 in Bohemia, Saxony, and the Palatinate. The fibrous Varieties are found in Hungary. Uses. It is cut into seal-stones, ring-stones, bracelets, neck,, laces, broaches, and crosses; and figures are often en graved on it. Artists distinguish three principal kinds °f carnelian : the one named common carnelian, varies in colour from white, through yellow to red; the second, named sarde, (sardoine), displays on its surface an agree able and rich reddish-brown colour, but appears of a deep lilood-red colour when held between the eye and the light; the third, named sardonyx, is composed of layers *>f white and red carnelian. In the most esteemed car- nelians, the colours are of a uniform tint throughout file mass, without any undulations, and are free from fiiat muddiness to which the European varieties of this stone are so liable. The most highly prized varieties are the white and red striped, or sardonyx, and the blood- red : the next in estimation are the pale red; and the least valuable are the yellow, white, and brown. As it ls a softer stone than common calcedony, it is more easily cut, and splinters much less when cutting and polishing; a nd hence, independent of colour, &c. it has always been preferred by artists to the common calcedony. The finest varieties pf carnelian are named by French artists fiiose of the old rock (vieille roche), because they are no longer to be found so perfect in colour and transparency, ■flie finest pieces of common carnelian are brought from Arabia, and from Cambay and Sural, in India. The ®arde, which is very rare at present, and bears a much igher price than the common carnelian, is procured from file shores of the lied Sea. Formerly carnelians used to be