106 COPPER. The principal fracture is pretty straight foliated, with a single cleavage ; the cross fracture is fine-grained un- even. Ihe fragments are indeterminate angular, and blunt- edged. It occurs always in coarse and fine granular distinct concretions. In the remaining characters, it agrees with the pre ceding subspecies. Chemical Characters of the Species. Before the blowpipe, on charcoal, it melts very easily, and yields a globule of .[copper, covered with a blackish- coloured scoria. When melted with borax, it communi cates to it a green colour; and when digested with am monia, it tinges it blue. Geognostic Situation. It occurs in veins and beds in primitive rocks; also in beds in bituminous marl-slate, and in flcetz amygdaloid. Ihe accompanying minerals in the primitive and transi tion rocks, are copper-pyrites, grey copper-ore, azure copper-ore, malachite, copper-green, and red and brown ironstone, with calcareous-spar, and quartz; in the floetz rocks, it is associated with copper-pyrites, and variegated copper-ore. v Geographic Situation. Europe.-It occurs in small veins, along with heavy- spar, in transition rocks, at Fassney Burn in East Lo thian ; also in Ayrshire; and in the Fair Isle, situated between Orkney and Zetland; at Middleton Tyas in Yorkshire;