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360 BITUMINOUS FAMILY. to travellers, many springs in Pennsylvania carry along with them immense quantities of this mineral. It is al so a production of Newfoundland ; and the island of Tri nidad. Uses. In Piedmont, Persia, Japan, and other countries, it is used in lamps, in place of oil, for lighting streets and churches. It is also used for warming rooms, when mixed with earth, and inflamed. It is occasionally employed instead of common tar, to preserve wood from decay, and from worms: also as a varnish ; and in the composition of fire-works, 2. Mineral Pitch or Bitumen. This species is divided into three subspecies, viz. Earthy Mineral Pitch, Slaggy Mineral Pitch, and Elas tic Mineral Pitch. First Subspecies. Earthy Mineral Pitch. Erdiges Erdpech, Werner. Semi-compact Mineral Pitch, or Maltha, Kirm. vol. ii. p. 4,6.— Le Poix mineral terreuse, Brock, t. ii. p. 65—Erdiges Berg- pech, Rcuss, b. iii. s. 107. Id. Lud. lr th. s. 193. Id. Suck. 2ter th. S. 45. Id. Bert. s. 342. Id. Mohs, b. ii. s. 307. Id. Lcmdiard, Tabel. s. 48.—Thonartigcs Erdpech, Karst. Tabel. s. 58.—Erdiges Erdpech, Hans. s. 117. Id. Lenz, b. ii- S. 1051.—Cohesive Mineral Pitch, Aikin, p. 3. External Characters. Its colour is blackish-brown. It