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COAL. 633 Fracture imperfect conchoidal. Translucent on the thinnest edges. Blackish-brown. Streak yellowish-brown. Sectile. h = 1'5. o = 1-220. Melts at 316° o. Burns with an aromatic smell, and bright flame. Completely soluble in sether and caustic potash. Is found in a bed of brown coal near Piauze in Carniola. COAL. 478. COAL.—Harzige Stein-Kohle, Harzlose Stein-Kohle ; Mohs. Anthracit, Schwarzkohle, Braunkohle ; Han smarm Anthrazit, Harzige Steinkohle ; Haidinger. Of this substance there are three varieties: l. anthracite; 2. black coal; 3. brown coal; all of vegetable origin. 1. Anthracite.—Fracture conchoidal. Lustre vitreous or waxy. Black. Streak black. Brittle, h = 2‘0...2'6. o = l - 3...l"75. Conducts electricity perfectly. Burns with a weak flame. Deflagrates with nitre. Imparts no colour to caustic potash. Analyses of anthracite a from Pennsylvania, b from Ilerzogen- rath near Aix la Chapelle, both by Regnault, c from Coalbrook- dale by Jacquelin, d from Pembrokeshire by Schafhautl:— a b C d Carbon . . . 90-45 91-45 90-68 94-10 Hydrogen . 2’43 4-18 3-60 2-39 Oxygen . . ' j 2-45 2-12 3'81 1-34 Nitrogen 029 0-87 Ash . . . 4-67 225 1-72 1-30 Is found in several parts of the Alps, the Pyrenees, in many parts of France, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Bohemia, Silesia, Saxony, the Meissner in Ilessia, near Walsall in Staffordshire, Brecknockshire, Carmarthenshire, Pembrokeshire, Cumnock and Kilmarnock in Scotland, Kilkenny in Ireland. 2. Black coal. Fracture conchoidal... uneven. Lustre waxy. Black. Streak black. Slightly sectile...brittle, ii = 2-0...2-5. Burns with a smoky flame and bituminous smell. Imparts sometimes a yellow or brown colour to caustic potash. Analyses of black coal a from Lancashire, I from Blanzy, e from Epinac, all by Regnault, d from Newcastle by Richardson, e from Monte Massi near Pisa by Bunsen:— abed e Carbon 83'75 76"48 81'12 87"95 73'63 Hydrogen .... 6’60 6’23 6’10 5-24 5-28 Oxygen and nitrogen . 8 - 04 16 - oi 11'25 6'4i 17-89 Earthy matter . . . 2’65 2'28 2'63 1-40 3 20 E e 5
