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TOURMALINE. 347 G • . Fluorine. . Phosphoric acid Silica. . . Boracic acid Alumina. . Oxide of manganese Magnesia . Lime . Soda . . . Bithia . . Potash . . y a e 3-022 3-019 3-082 2-998 2-41 2-58 2-47 2-70 o-io 0-27 0-27 0-22 39-27 38-33 38-38 41-16 7-87 9-00 7’41 8-66 44-41 43-15 43-97 41-83 0-64 1-12 2-60 U97 0-78 1-02 1-62 061 — — 0-62 — 2-00 2-eo 1-97 1-37 1-22 1-17 0-48 0-41 1-30 0-68 0-21 2-17 Occurs in attached and imbedded crystals, in gneiss, granite, mica slate, and in the veins which traverse those rocks, in pebbles in stream tin works, and in the sand of rivers. Colourless transparent varieties are found in the dolomite of Campo Longo on the Grimsel; the red in lepidolite and quartz at llozena in Moravia, Pcnig in Saxony, Massachusetts, Schai- tansk and Sarapulsk not far from Mursinsk, and at Miask in Siberia ; the blue at Uto in the gulf of Bothnia, Massachusetts and Goshen in North America; yellow and brown tourmaline on St. Gotthardt, Windishkappel in Carinthia, Ceylon, Pegu, Madagascar ; the green at Penig, llozena, Campo Longo, Pied mont, Katharinenburg, Massachusetts, Villa Rica in the Brazils, Madagascar. Black tourmaline, or schorl as it is sometimes called, is found at Penig, Rochsburg, Eibenstock, and Neustadt in Saxony in granite, Andreasberg, Horlberg near Bodenmais in Bavaria, Karlsbad, Pfitsch, Faltigl and Batschinges in the Tyrol, Bovey in Devonshire, St. Just in Cornwall, Karingbricka in Sweden, Arendal and Langoe in Norway, Karosulik in Greenland, Polokowskoi on the mountain Auschkul, near the lake Scharlasch near Beresowsk, Alabaschka near Mursinsk, Gornoischit near Katharinenburg, Werchnei- ivinsk near Newjansk, in the topaz veins of the Ilmen moun tains, in the quartz of Totschilnaja Gora, in granite at Schai- tansk and at Bohorodskoi on the Tura, Vicdessos, Luchon and Sallat in the Pyrenees, Madagascar, in granite at Portsoy in Banffshire. Transparent crystals of various colours are found in Elba; they frequently exhibit parallel zones of different colours, being red at the two extremities and blue in the middle, blackish-green at the end by which they are attached and red at the other extremity, or partly grass-green and partly azure-blue. The angle so deduced from Kupffer’s measure is 46° 64' in Mack tourmaline, 46° 67' in green tourmaline, and 46° 2' in
