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The chemical news
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The chemical news
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Band 1.1860
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- Titelblatt Titelblatt I
- Sonstiges Advertisement III
- Ausgabe No. 1. - December 10, 1859 1
- Ausgabe No. 2. - December 17, 1859 13
- Ausgabe No. 3. - December 24, 1859 25
- Ausgabe No. 4. - December 31, 1859 37
- Ausgabe No. 5. - January 7, 1860 49
- Ausgabe No. 6. - January 14, 1860 61
- Ausgabe No. 7. - January 21, 1860 73
- Ausgabe No. 8. - January 28, 1860 85
- Ausgabe No. 9. - February 4, 1860 97
- Ausgabe No. 10. - February 11, 1860 109
- Ausgabe No. 11. - February 18, 1860 121
- Ausgabe No. 12. - February 25, 1860 133
- Ausgabe No. 13. - March 3, 1860 145
- Ausgabe No. 14. - March 10, 1860 157
- Ausgabe No. 15. - March 17, 1860 169
- Ausgabe No. 16. - March 24, 1860 181
- Ausgabe No. 17. - March 31, 1860 193
- Ausgabe No. 18. - April 7, 1860 205
- Ausgabe No. 19. - April 14, 1860 217
- Ausgabe No. 20. - April 21, 1860 229
- Ausgabe No. 21. - April 28, 1860 241
- Ausgabe No. 22. - May 5, 1860 253
- Ausgabe No. 23. - May 12, 1860 265
- Ausgabe No. 24. - May 19, 1860 277
- Ausgabe No. 25. - May 26, 1860 289
- Ausgabe No. 26. - June 2, 1860 301
- Register Index 313
- Beilage No. 1. December 10, 1859 I
- Beilage No. 2. December 17, 1859 IX
- Beilage No. 3. December 24, 1859 I
- Beilage No. 4. December 31, 1859 I
- Beilage No. 5. January 7, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 6. January 14, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 7. January 21, 1860 V
- Beilage No. 8. January 28, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 9. February 4, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 10. February 11, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 11. February 18, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 12. February 25, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 13. March 3, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 14. March 10, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 15. March 17, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 16. March 24, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 17. March 31, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 18. April 7, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 19. April 14, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 20. April 21, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 21. April 28, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 22. May 5, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 23. May 12, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 24. May 19, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 25. May 26, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 26. June 2, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 27. June 9, 1860 I
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48 Laboratory Memoranda — Miscellaneous — Ansivers to Correspondents. failing within a certain time to detect its presence, may be dis posed to put a negative construction upon it, when the poison may exist there to a greater extent than they are aware of, and by con tinuing the operation or adopting some other method it can be easily found. In Smethurst’s case it was put forward as a new theory that be cause arsenic was found in one instance, and not in another, the chlorate of potash (also found in the liquid) ranst have interfered in such a way as to have prevented its detection—nay, I should rather have said, its precipitation by Jleinsch’s copper test only. Chlorate of potash, by its oxydising tendency, certainly does hold up the arsenic in solution, as well as corrode the copper, to such an extent as to impart a strong green colour; nevertheless if arsenic exist at all, it may be detected by the evaporation of the green liquid to absolute dryness, mixing the resulting brownish-red coloured residue with powdered charcoal in a test tube, and submitting it to a strong heat, when the arsenic ought to show itself inside the bottom of the glass, on cooling, as a white saline crust. If this crust be boiled with a sufficient quantity of water, so as to dissolve it, and the liquor filtered from the charcoal, acidulated with a few drops of pure hydrochloric acid, then boiled with a piece of very bright copper wire immersed in it, the copper will soon become coated with a steel-like layer of metallic arsenic, which can be sublimed into a white powder (arsenious acid) and on this being dissolved in distilled water, the addition of a drop or two of liquid nitrate of silver produces a characteristic yellow precipitate: the sensibility of this test being equal to 150,000th, i. e. a grain diffused through two gallons of liquid would be rendered evident. In making this communication I wish to be distinctly under stood as having no intention to cast any reflection upon parties concerned in Smetlihurst’s case, but simply to relate, for the benefit of others, the facts as they have occurred to me in actual practice.—John Horsley, F.C.S. Laboratory. Cheltenham. Oak Hot—A correspondent (J. D.) wishes to know if any of our readers can inform him why it is that oak rots green. He has noticed it in considerable quantities in the oak plantations at Lynmouth, and also at Tunbridge Wells. Is it, he asks, a che mical action? or is it caused by the growth of fungi? LABORATORY MEMORANDA. Pure Benzole from Conl-nnpliflia—The sulphite of phe- nyleand ammonium C12H5. NIL. 2 SO3, usually called sulphoben- zolate of ammonium yields a very large proportion of pure benzole when submitted to dry distillation. The hydrocarbon thus procured can hardly be distinguished from the benzole ob tained by heating benzoic acid with lime. Its odour is etherial, almost fragrant; and its boiling-point is constant at 8o° 8. A chemist well acquainted with the ordinary benzole obtained from coal-naphtha, to whom I showed a specimen of the benzole thus prepared from the sulphobenzolate of ammonium, scarcely recog nised it as the same substance, so pleasant was its odour. To prepare the sulphobenzolate, the purified benzole of com merce is dissolved, with the aid of a gentle heat, in a slight excess of fuming sulphuric acid; if ordinary oil of vitriol be employed, a much larger quantity of the acid is required. The acid liquid, after having been heated in the water-bath for some time, is allowed to cool, and then diluted with water. Com mercial carbonate of ammonium, together with some ammonia water, is to be added till the solution js slightly alkaline. '1 he whole is now evaporated to dryness on the water-bath, and the dry mass exhausted with boiling alcohol. The greater part of the sulphate of ammonium remains in the residue. The alcoholic solution of the sulphobenzolate of ammonium is to be transferred to a retort, and submitted to distillation. When all the alcohol has distilled over, the receiver is changed, and the heat raised. The benzole which collects in the receiver is accompanied by small quantities of solid products and by water. From these it may be separated by the addition of a strong potash-solution, and the remov al of the supernatant oil by the pipette. The benzole is then rectified off caustic potash. The benzole thus produced is perfectly pure; and although the quantity obtained is not very large yet the result of the process is exceedingly interesting to the chemist, since it removes all doubt concerning the identity of the benzole from coal-naphtha and similar sources with that ob tained from benzoic acid.—A. H. Church. MISCELLANEOUS. Tlie Bath-bun Poisoning Case A case of wholesale poisoning which has occurred within the last day or two at Clifton demands from us more than a passing record. A baker in that place, wishing to save his eggs and exaggerate his reputation, desired some yellow colouring matter to give a fictitious appearance of richness to his Bath-buns. Low eating- house keepers and cheap pastry-cooks in London have long been in the habit of using turmeric to give this appearance to their delicacies, but the Clifton baker was not sufficiently well up to the tricks of his trade as to be aware of the uses of this harmless drug. Casting about, therefore, for some substance which would answer his purpose, he by some means fixed his mind on chrome yellow—chromate of lead. For this he applied to a druggist in his neighbourhood. A druggist who was not a colourman as well would not be likely to have chrome yellow in his shop, and this would appear to be the case with the Clifton tradesman. Accordingly, he sold the baker what he thought would answer the purpose of a yellow colouring matter just as well; and that substance was Okpiment ! This the baker carried home, mixed in his buns, and sold them to his unsuspicious customers. The consequences were soon apparent. The first victims were some school boys, one of whom, with a good appetite and much pocket money, devoured three of the poisonous viands. They were all made exceedingly ill, and some narrowly escaped with their lives. Such is a simple narrative of this shameful case, in which it is hard to say which was most to blame, the baker who designed to put chrome yellow into his pastry, or the druggist who sold him orpiment instead of the less active poison. Moulding: Fruits and Insects in Metal. Small castings of iron, copper, or any other metal, may be made in moulds com posed of plaster of Paris. Such moulds are easily made and are very suitable for such articles. Fac-similes of birds, flowers, fruit, and insects may be cast in plaster of Paris as follows:— Make a tight box of boards, with two or three wooden pins in it, and suspend in it, by a piece of strong linen cord, the objects of which casts are desired; then take five parts of plaster of Paris and one of brickdust, make them into a paste of the consistency of cream, and fill the box up carefully so as to cover the objects without distorting them. The box—with the articles in the in terior of the plaster—is now suffered to dry very slowly, it is then placed. in a slow fire, the heat of which is increased gradually until the box is consumed, and the plaster heated red-hot. It is now to be taken out of the fire, and the places where the wooden pins were inserted will form small holes, opening into the interior. The place which was occupied by the leaves, flowers, or insects will be found to contain only ashes, which maybe blown through the above-named holes with a pair of bellows, leaving a space inside of the form of the object to be cast. A small quantity of mercury may now be poured in through the hole left by the burnt cord; and upon shaking the ashes will be collected, when they may be all poured out through the holes. The molten copper or brass is now poured in by a jet through the hole, which may be enlarged for the purpose, and the air will pass out by the small opening left by the cord. When the metal is cold, the mould of plaster is broken and the casting taken from its interior. Groups of fruit, flowers, lizards, and frogs have been cast by this process with an exact faithfulness to nature. ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. Mr. A. IV. P. Smith Is thanked for his good wishes. It. It. C\—1. When absolutely pure there is no difference; but corn spirit, unless highly rectified, usually contains some fusel oil, to which the disagreeable effects of that spirit are generally referred. ^. To detect strychnine in mice or other small animals, dry the stomach and bowels, with the contents and liver, carefully, and then break them up and digest in chloroform. Afterwards take some of the chloroform, and evaporate on a watch-glass. When dry, place the glass on white paper, and add a few drops of strong sulphuric acid and a small fragment of bichromate of potash, whereupon a bluish violet colour is produced, which passes into a reddish yellow, and finally becomes brown. S. S Oxygen is obtained by Heating binoxide of manganese, and 1 hydrogen is obtained when zinc water and sulphuric acid are brought into : contact. Our correspondent should consult some elementary work on Chemistry. The mixture of the gases is highly explosive. IV. M. (Manchester).— W. IV. S—Laybourn—II. N. Draper —G. II. Buckton—received. V All Editorial Communications are to be addressed to the Editor ; j and Advertisements and Business communications to the Publisher, at I the Office; iz and 13 Red Lion Court, Fleet Street, London, E. C.
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