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The chemical news
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- 1.1860
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The chemical news
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Band
Band 1.1860
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- Titelblatt Titelblatt I
- Sonstiges Advertisement III
- Ausgabe No. 1. - December 10, 1859 1
- Ausgabe No. 2. - December 17, 1859 13
- Ausgabe No. 3. - December 24, 1859 25
- Ausgabe No. 4. - December 31, 1859 37
- Ausgabe No. 5. - January 7, 1860 49
- Ausgabe No. 6. - January 14, 1860 61
- Ausgabe No. 7. - January 21, 1860 73
- Ausgabe No. 8. - January 28, 1860 85
- Ausgabe No. 9. - February 4, 1860 97
- Ausgabe No. 10. - February 11, 1860 109
- Ausgabe No. 11. - February 18, 1860 121
- Ausgabe No. 12. - February 25, 1860 133
- Ausgabe No. 13. - March 3, 1860 145
- Ausgabe No. 14. - March 10, 1860 157
- Ausgabe No. 15. - March 17, 1860 169
- Ausgabe No. 16. - March 24, 1860 181
- Ausgabe No. 17. - March 31, 1860 193
- Ausgabe No. 18. - April 7, 1860 205
- Ausgabe No. 19. - April 14, 1860 217
- Ausgabe No. 20. - April 21, 1860 229
- Ausgabe No. 21. - April 28, 1860 241
- Ausgabe No. 22. - May 5, 1860 253
- Ausgabe No. 23. - May 12, 1860 265
- Ausgabe No. 24. - May 19, 1860 277
- Ausgabe No. 25. - May 26, 1860 289
- Ausgabe No. 26. - June 2, 1860 301
- Register Index 313
- Beilage No. 1. December 10, 1859 I
- Beilage No. 2. December 17, 1859 IX
- Beilage No. 3. December 24, 1859 I
- Beilage No. 4. December 31, 1859 I
- Beilage No. 5. January 7, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 6. January 14, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 7. January 21, 1860 V
- Beilage No. 8. January 28, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 9. February 4, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 10. February 11, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 11. February 18, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 12. February 25, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 13. March 3, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 14. March 10, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 15. March 17, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 16. March 24, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 17. March 31, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 18. April 7, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 19. April 14, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 20. April 21, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 21. April 28, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 22. May 5, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 23. May 12, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 24. May 19, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 25. May 26, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 26. June 2, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 27. June 9, 1860 I
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Chemical Nmws. > Dec. IO, 1859. > Carbon as a Means of Permanent Record—Researches on Coloeynth. metres thickness without keeping it in constant agita tion ; because the platinum is too bad a conductor to j remain perfectly liquid if it is in greater depth; and, therefore, there will be a chance of the refining not being complete, or of the perfect fusion of the mass not being [ quite effected. ■manent Re- On the Employment of Carbon as a means of Perm Record, by John Si’ii.t.eii, F. C. .S'., of the War partment. Thu undoubted superiority, iu respect to the quality of permanence, of ordinary printed characters in comparison i with the several kinds of manuscript, renders it desirable that efforts should bo directed to the possibility of avail ing ourselves of the unalterable nature of carbon, the principal ingredient iu printer’s ink, with a view to the employment of the same as a substitute for the tannato of iron in the ordinary black writing fluids. The want of permanence constantly attributed to the latter, and borne out by the inspection of manuscript deeds of compara tively recent date, seems inherent to an ink which de pends solely for its permanence on a weak chemical affinity exerted between the oxides of iron and the product of a vegetable infusion, which, left to itself, is constantly undergoing change. Hence the application of dilute acids, both mineral and organic, is sufficient either to ob literate or render illegible the characters written with such ink ; whilst its composition makes it liable to fade under circumstances no more unfavourable than that of exposure to a damp or impure atmosphere. On the other hand, the imperishable nature of carbon, in its various forms of lamp black, ivory black, wood charcoal, and graphite or black lead, holds out much greater promise of being usefully employed in the manu facture of a permanent writing material; since, for this substance, in its elementary condition, and at ordinary temperatures, there exists no solvent nor chemical re agent capable of effecting its alteration. Carbon is de stroyed, or rather oxidised, only by fire, and by the long continued action of the strongest acids; only under such circumstances, therefore, as the tablet of prepared vege table or animal substance is itself unable to withstand. Provided, then, that efficient means can be adopted for securing its perfect adhesion to the surface, or passage even into the pores, of the paper (a point not sufficiently considered, perhaps, in the production of the so-called permanent carbon photographs), there seems every pro bability of a carbon pigment resisting the effects of time and other corrosive influences better perhaps than an}' other substance, elementary or compound, which is likely to be brought into comparison with it. The perfect state of preservation of the early engravings and pages of printed type corroborates this view; they exhibit in some instances evidence of destruction by decay of the paper itself, rather than that of the carbonaceous material form ing the subject of the picture. The suggestion relative to the mode of applying carbon to these purposes, which it is intended more particularly now to enunciate, depends on the fact of the separation of carbon from organic compounds, rich in that element, sugar, gum, &e. by the combined operation of heat and of chemical reagents, such as sulphuric and phosphoric acids, which exert a decomposing action in the same di rection ; and by such means to effect the deposition of the carbon within the pores of the paper by a process of development to be performed after the fluid writing ink hits been to a certain extent absorbed into its substance. A system of formation by which a considerable amount of resistance, both to chemical and external influences, ap pears to be secured. An ink of the following composition has been made the subject of experiment: — Concentrated sulphuric acid, deeply coloured with indigo ... 1 fluid ounce Water ...... 6 „ Loaf sugar . . I ounce troy. Strong mucilage of gum arabic . 2 to 3 fluid ounces Writing traced with a quill or gold pen dipped in this ink dries to a pale blue colour, but if now a heated iron be passed over its surface, or the page of manuscript held near a fire, the writing will quickly assume a jet black appearance, resulting from the carbonisation of the sugar by the warm acid, and will have become so firmly en grafted into the substance of the paper as to oppose con siderable difficulty to its removal or erasure by the knife. On account of the depth to which the written characters usually penetrate, the sheets of paper selected for use should be of the thickest make, and good, white, car tridge paper, or that known as “ cream laid,” preferred to such as are coloured blue with ultramarine, for in the latter case a bleached halo is frequently perceptible around the outline of the letters, indicating the partial destruction of the colouring matter by the lateral action of the acid. The writing produced in this manner seems indelible; it resists the action of “ salts of lemon,” and of oxalic, tartaric, and diluted hydrochloric acids—agents which render nearly illegible "the traces of ordinary black wilt ing ink ; neither do alkaline solutions exert any appreciable action on the carbon ink. This material possesses, therefore, many advantageous qualities which would re commend its adoption in cases where the question of per manence is of paramount importance; but it must, on the other hand,be allowed that such an ink, in its present form, would but inefficiently fulfil many of the require ments necessary to bring it into common use. The peculiar method of development rendering the applica tion of heat imperative, and that of a temperature some what above the boiling point of water, together with the circumstance that it will be found impossible with a thin sheet of paper to write on both sides, must certainly be counted among its more prominent disadvantages. Though not perhaps capable of employment on the animal tissues, vellum and parchment, there is every probability of its successful application in connection with the new material produced by the action of strong acids on paper, and known under the name of vegetable parch ment. Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, Dec. 5th, 1859. PHARMACY, TOXICOLOGY, &c. Researches on Coloeynth, by M. \V \ lz. M. W.vtz has separated from coloeynth :— 1. Coloeynthine C M H« 0*, a glucoside. 2. Colocynthidine. 3. A resin soluble in ether. 4. A resin soluble in alcohol. 5. Colouring matter soluble in alcohol. 6. Colouring matter soluble in water. 7. Gum and mucus. 8. A liquid fatty matter. The first is prepared in the following manner: Colo- cyntli pounded is exhausted by alcohol. The product is evaporated to dryness in a water bath, and is then
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