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The chemical news
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- 1.1860
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The chemical news
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Band
Band 1.1860
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- Titelblatt Titelblatt I
- Sonstiges Advertisement III
- Ausgabe No. 1. - December 10, 1859 1
- Ausgabe No. 2. - December 17, 1859 13
- Ausgabe No. 3. - December 24, 1859 25
- Ausgabe No. 4. - December 31, 1859 37
- Ausgabe No. 5. - January 7, 1860 49
- Ausgabe No. 6. - January 14, 1860 61
- Ausgabe No. 7. - January 21, 1860 73
- Ausgabe No. 8. - January 28, 1860 85
- Ausgabe No. 9. - February 4, 1860 97
- Ausgabe No. 10. - February 11, 1860 109
- Ausgabe No. 11. - February 18, 1860 121
- Ausgabe No. 12. - February 25, 1860 133
- Ausgabe No. 13. - March 3, 1860 145
- Ausgabe No. 14. - March 10, 1860 157
- Ausgabe No. 15. - March 17, 1860 169
- Ausgabe No. 16. - March 24, 1860 181
- Ausgabe No. 17. - March 31, 1860 193
- Ausgabe No. 18. - April 7, 1860 205
- Ausgabe No. 19. - April 14, 1860 217
- Ausgabe No. 20. - April 21, 1860 229
- Ausgabe No. 21. - April 28, 1860 241
- Ausgabe No. 22. - May 5, 1860 253
- Ausgabe No. 23. - May 12, 1860 265
- Ausgabe No. 24. - May 19, 1860 277
- Ausgabe No. 25. - May 26, 1860 289
- Ausgabe No. 26. - June 2, 1860 301
- Register Index 313
- Beilage No. 1. December 10, 1859 I
- Beilage No. 2. December 17, 1859 IX
- Beilage No. 3. December 24, 1859 I
- Beilage No. 4. December 31, 1859 I
- Beilage No. 5. January 7, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 6. January 14, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 7. January 21, 1860 V
- Beilage No. 8. January 28, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 9. February 4, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 10. February 11, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 11. February 18, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 12. February 25, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 13. March 3, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 14. March 10, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 15. March 17, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 16. March 24, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 17. March 31, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 18. April 7, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 19. April 14, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 20. April 21, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 21. April 28, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 22. May 5, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 23. May 12, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 24. May 19, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 25. May 26, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 26. June 2, 1860 I
- Beilage No. 27. June 9, 1860 I
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THE CHEMICAL NEWS. VoL. I, No. II. — February 18, i860. THE ADULTERATION OF FOOD BILL. Gut-Patin, in a letter dated March 2, 1655, writes in terms of strong condemnation of the opera medico-chymica of Paracelsus, which it was proposed to reprint, and says of chemistry: “ La chimie est la fausse monnaie de notre mdtier. Je voudrais que, pour le bien public, elle fut aussi bien defendue que les faux quart d’dcus pour les- quels on a autrefois pendu tant de faux-monnoyeurs.” The celebrated physician, when he wrote in such con temptuous language of chemistry, had not the faintest conception of the important position it was destined to attain among the sciences, any more than he could fore see the inestimable benefits which- mankind at large hare derived from it. There is, however, one direction in which chemical knowledge has been extensively applied for the injury and seldom for the good of individuals, viz. in the adulteration of articles of food. Thus, by its agency had wine is made to assume the appearance of good ; essences of fruit are manufactured into the compo sition of which fruit never entered ; had flour is converted into the best bread, and we might mention a host of sub stances which chemistry is employed to adulterate in some way or other, to the wrong of the consumer and the demoralisation of the vendor. Learned and thought ful physicians, who have well-considered the question, have arrived at the conclusion that a great proportion of the diseases of the digestive organs arise from this uni versal adulteration of articles of food, and it has therefore become a matter of grave national importance that the legislature should take some steps to put an end to this abominable perversion of scientific knowledge. With this object Mr. Scholefield, assisted by Mr. Wise and Mr. Yilliers, has drawn up a bill imposing a penalty on per sons guilty of adulterating articles of food or drink. It proposes that any person who shall knowingly sell an article of food or drink with which any noxious substance has been mixed, or who shall sell as pure and unadulter ated any article of food or drink which is not pure, shall on conviction before two justices of the peace be fined and made to pay the costs, and in the event of a second convic tion the justices shall have power to cause the offender’s name and offence to be published in such a manner as they may think advisable. To prevent adulteration bv the purchaser the justices must be satisfied that he gave notice to the seller of his intention to have the article analysed, so as to give him an opportunity of seeing it placed in the hands of the analyst. Vestries and dis trict boards in London and town councils in boroughs are to have the power of appointing persons possessing competent medical, chemical, and microscopical know ledge as analysts, and allow them such office and . salaries for analysing food and drink as they may think fit. These analysts are to be bound to analyse any articles of food or drink which purchasers may bring to them for a fee ranging from half-a-crown to half-a-guinea, and to give a certificate stating whether it is adulterated, and, if so, whether the foreign substance is injurious to health ; and this certificate, in the absence of any evidence to the contrary, shall be received as evidence by the justices, and the cost of the certificate included with the costs at tending a conviction. The justices are to have power to cause any article of food or drink to be analysed by any person they may think proper to appoint, who may be required to give evidence at the hearing of the case, the whole of the costs to be borne by the complainant or de fendant, as the justices shall determine. Persons con victed before the justices are to be allowed an appeal to quarter sessions. The penalties to be inflicted under this act to be paid to the vestry, district board, or town council, to be disposed of for parish purposes. The ex penses attending the carrying out of this act to he de frayed, in the metropolis, out of the fimd applicable to the purposes of the metropolitan management act, and in boroughs out of the borough fund. Under the term articles of food is included all alimentary substances not taken as medicine. The addition of water to spirits to reduce the strength is not to be considered as adulteration. That this bill as it stands will become law we think neither probable nor desirable, but the necessity of such legislation once admitted by Parliament it will be easy to modify it so as to make it more effectual for carrying out the object proposed. In the very first clause there is a stumbling block to the conviction of offenders. It savs that the vendor must be cognisant of the adulter ation. Now, suppose he says that he was ignorant of the article being adulterated, how will the justices pro ceed in that case ? This will have to be nmended, and the law must assume that the vendor of adulterated articles is guilty of the adulteration. The motive for allowing the vendor this loophole of escape is, doubtless, to save him from becoming the victim of the wholesale dealer, but this is unnecessary; the wholesale dealer will cease to adulterate when he knows that the con viction of his customer will inevitably lead to his own exposure and consequent loss of custom. If this is not sufficient, a clause might be inserted giving the convicted retail dealer the power of suing the wholesale dealer for the costs incurred by him in the matter. Another weak point in the bill is, it appears to us, the power of appeal which it gives to persons convicted. This can only tend to deter public spirited persons from prosecuting adulterators, and does not appear to be of use to protect honest tradesmen, as the evidence on which the conviction is founded in one court will be the same in the other, and as it will rest on a matter of fact no amount of argument can alter it. Let us suppose that a Paterfamilias, honestly indig nant at finding that his coffee is largely adulterated with chicory and dried coffee grounds, or that his milk is a compound mixture, determines on punishing the fraudu lent tradesman, and succeeds in getting him fined; Paterfamilias is satisfied, and retires from the court with
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