Chap. XIX. FRESCOS OF PISA. 449 concl circle and the two figures by Lucifer’s side, already noticed as of inferior merit. The upper circle of all seems the only original one and that which most resem bles the best preserved portion of the neighbouring fres cos. From it and from the portion of the fresco which represents the hermit Macarius before the dead bodies, the primitive style of the work must be judged. Nothing, in the execution, recals the paintings of Orcagna in the Strozzi chapel at Florence, and it is evident that the Pisan pictures are by a totally different person. Neither he nor his numerous assistants were Florentines. His figures vary in type, in form, and expression from those of the Florentine school. In the faces of females, the pe culiar model which Orcagna affected is not to be traced. Here is not the symmetrical oval to which he was par tial, but a head broad at the forehead with swelling cheeks, and a small chin resting on a broad neck. The hands, feet, and articulations, are inferior to his, and dif ferent in style. The costumes are not his, any more than the fashions of hair and head dress. The elegant out lines of the figures in the Strozzi are quite a contrast to the heavy and somewhat vulgar ones of the Campo Santo; and this is equally true of the action and attitudes, and of the draperies. If the Saviour and apostles at the Strozzi be compared with those in the fresco of Pisa, it will be found that the latter display energetic motion, not free from vulgarity, and that force prevails over dig nity and decorum. The spectator need not go far, how ever, to discover, in the Campo Santo itself, works of the very same character. He may take for instance the frescos next in order to those under consideration, which are devoted to hermit life, and are painted by the Siennese brothers, the Lorenzetti. In these and the two frescos assigned to Orcagna, he will find no difference whatever, and he will be unable to discern that they are by different hands. Yet Vasari would have one be lieve that two masters, chiefs of two great but totally different schools laboured there. If the question of dis- vol. i. 29