century. Two more crucifixes, exactly similar in character and plan, but somewhat damaged by time, are in S. Do- nino, 1 and S. Maria de ; Servi at Lucca, and thus prove the existence of painters there in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. That the art of painting, far from improving, retrograded at Lucca, except perhaps in certain technical modes of execution, is evident from the works of the Ber- linghieri, a family of artists which can be traced back to about A.D. 1200. Amongst the names of men who signed the treaty of peace with Pisa in 1228 occur those of five painters. Lotharius and Ranuccius of whom no works are known, and Bonaventura, Barone and Marco Berlinghieri. 2 Of the latter the names are repeated in another record of the same period, from which it ap pears further that Bonaventura and Barone were the sons of one Berlingherus a Milanese. 3 The latter still lived in 1228. 4 Marco, according to the capitular records of Lucca, was a miniature painter and the author of an illuminated bible executed in 1250. 5 * Barone had, according to the same authority, executed several crucifixes, one for the Pieve of Casabasciana in 1254, another for S. Alessandro Maggiore at Lucca in 1284.° Of Bonaventura whose works have alone been preserved, panels and wall-paintings were known to have been completed in 1235 and 1244. 7 It is not many years since a picture assigned to Marga- l'itone in the church of San Francesco of Pescia, was 1 This crucifix is damaged by time and repairs. 2 Can° Telesforo Bini, ub. sup. p. 15. 3 Ibid, same page. 4 Atti della R. Acad, di Lucca. Yol. XIII. p. 365. 5 Archives of the Chapter of Lucca. Lib. LL. 25 fol. 78. in Bini ub. sup. p. 15. 0 Archives of the Cancelleria del Vescovado. Lucca lib. 6 fol. 10 in Bini ub. sup. 7 Bonaventura painted on the wall in Lucca, in 1244. (Arch, of the Cane 3 of the Vesco vado. lib. LL. 18. Fol. 115.) He painted in 1243 a panel for the archdeacon of Lucca (ib. 17. Fol. 12). Barone was summoned to complete within a given time a Madonna which he and Buona- ventura had commenced at S. Alessandro of Lucca (ib. L. No. 3. Fol. 2 in Lettera del prof. M. Ridolfi al Marchese Sel- vatico. 8°. Luc. 1857. p. 15.) Again Barone promises to paint a room for the canons of the cathedral of Lucca in 1240. Same arch. lib. II. 18. Fol. 115. in Lettera ub. sup. p. 16.