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GENERAL REPORT OF THE JUDGES OF GROUP VIII. smoothly-working machine, doing a moderate amount of work, with out injury to the staple. The card, drawing-frame, and intermediate roving-frame of Messrs. Howard & Bullough, of Accrington, contained the only really new principle in this department, in the application of electricity to the “ stop-motion,” rendering it almost instantaneous, and of great value on the roving-frame, from the fact that “ singles,” technically so called, caused by the breaking of one of the rovings at the rollers, are almost entirely obviated. The calico-printing machine and engravers’ milling-machine, from Gadd, of Manchester, were beautiful specimens of strong, simple workmanship, well adapted to their intended purpose. The warp-tying machine of Messrs. Greenwood & Batley, of York shire, was very ingenious, but at the same time necessarily compli cated ; and it remains to be proved whether its economical advantages or practical utility are equal to the ingenuity displayed. The exhibits of flax and jute machinery, from Messrs. Fairbairn & Co. and Lawson & Sons., of Leeds, were fair samples of staple English machinery, massive and strong, well adapted to their purpose, but possessing no particular novelty of invention. The American department was more particularly marked by various novelties than the British, though sadly deficient as a whole in com pleteness, there being no complete set of cotton machinery exhibited, although many of the separate machines were there from different makers. There were several gins for short-staple cotton, exhibited among the agricultural implements, all seeming to be well made, and capable of performing a large amount of work, and doing it well. The cotton-opener of Kitson, of Lowell, Massachusetts, was a de parture from the standard practice of late years, in the addition of a spiked cylinder or “rake,” to tear open the hard mats of cotton from the bale before subjecting them to the blows of the beater, thus ren dering the beater more effective in removing the seeds and dirt, and at the same time saving power, and preventing injury to the staple. The underflat card of Messrs. Foss & Pevey, of Lowell, was another decided novelty, aiming to do the work of double carding on a single machine, thus saving half the floor space in the room, and one-third of the power used by the double system. The machine promises well, and is being thoroughly tried, practically, in some of the mills in Lowell and other places. The system of cotton machinery (unfortunately not in operation) shown by the Saco (Maine) Water-Power Machine-Shop approached