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8 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. weight of the bullet, which is designed to pierce the sap-roller or iron shield protecting the head of a sap. The swords of the army are also worthy of commendation. In artillery, the army and navy both contributed specimens, of which the chief details are given in the following table: DIMENSIONS. Total weight, pounds... Length of bore, inches Calibre, inches ... Number of grooves Projectile, pounds Charge, pounds Powder, kind Muzzle velocity, feet.... Naval 9-1N. Breech-Loading Rifle, Steel. , Naval 6-in. Breech-Loading Rifle, Steel. Naval 4-pdr. Breech-Load ing Rifle, Steel. Army 4-pdr. New Model Bkbech-Loading Rifle, Bronze. Army j-pdr. Breech- Loading Mountain Rifle, Steel. 33,376 8,960 784 1,097 224 136 122 60 67 24 9 6 3-42 3-42 3 32 24 12 8 12 270 81 12 12 8.8 47 18 1.3 4 0.75 Prism. Prism. Coarse. Fine. i,335 1,004 1.537 698 63 63 o’* C H «0 z * 0 u * £ £ 2 • P w X < 3 0 zS zS Z A § \o Q 63 8*s 5 J X s £ S £ 63 6] CL, *(/> W 8,220 3,600 I,3l8 54 40 60 8 6 3.42 30 24 12 176 81 *3-* 15.3 6-3 5.0 Prism. Fine. Coarse. 826 800 1,676 This ordnance is all breech-loading, a single cylindro-prismatic wedge and Broadwell ring being used for all but the naval 4-pounder gun, which has a French block. The experimental 4-pounder steel gun shown from the Perm Works is closed upon the Krupp system. The greatest novelty in this ordnance exhibit was the carriage for the new model chill-cast and mandrel-hardened bronze 4-pounder gun. This carriage, devised by Colonel Engelhardt, is of iron, and is pro vided with a cork buffer for partially taking up the recoil. It has been severely tested, with good results, and will probably be adopted in the Russian service. The rifled mortars are also interesting. They were cast in a metallic mould under pressure, by the system of Col onel Lavrofif The larger one has been fired 300 times with 17 pounds of prismatic powder, giving a pressure of 1350 atmospheres, and 100 times with 17 pounds of artillery powder, giving a pressure of 2000 atmospheres. The grooves hardly show appreciable wear. The port able traveling-crane for moving ordnance stores exhibited by Mr. Wonlarlarsky is also worthy of special notice; as is also the fine exhibit of artillery harness. The Perm Works, beside the experimental 4-pounder steel gun, showed interesting models of a 20-inch smooth bore gun, and of a 9-1'nch breech-loading hooped steel rifle gun, closed upon the French block system. - The Engineer Department displayed a very beautiful model of the