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20 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 7876. made the exhibit here. This exhibit consisted of herbarium speci mens of the foliage, flowers, and fruit of seven species in ten varieties, with sections of their wood, bales of bark, photographs of the plan tations, pulverized bark, large jars of quinine and the other alkaloids, the whole accompanied with a printed account of the history, treat ment, and cultivation of the species, chemical analyses of the several kinds of bark, both as they occur wild and from the cultivated trees, with the relative amount of the several alkaloids in each, also a description of the laboratory for extracting the alkaloids for com merce, etc. We have no statistics of the commercial production. In British India the cultivation of cinchona began, we think, about the same time, or soon after. In the Indian collection (see special Catalogue for India, Nos. 546-549) there were four small exhibits of bark, of two species, from the Neilgherry Hills, the principal seat of the industry. In the private exhibit of a chemical manufacturer was a larger quantity of bark from the same source, shown as a curiosity. A recent scientific journal states that the harvest of bark from the whole Madras Presidency for the year 1875 was 130,000 pounds. A part of this was from private plantations supplied with trees from Government nurseries. From Jamaica the bark of three species, and the peeled trunk of a tree, were exhibited by Mr. Robert Thompson, Government botanist for that island. The cultivation was begun there by the Government in 1868, and three hundred acres are now planted. (See descriptive Catalogue of Jamaica, Nos. 229-231.) From Cordova, Mexico, three species were exhibited by Mr. Hugo Frink. Each was shown in specimens of the bark, foliage, flowers, fruit, and sections of the trees. This exhibit was especially inter esting, because it was the only one in the Exhibition which came to our notice where the cultivated product was entirely due to private enterprise. We have no information as to its commercial success. The only exhibit of cinchona as a wild forest-product was from Venezuela. Three species were shown, with the statement (Venezue lan special Catalogue, Nos. 161-163) that the annual export amounts to about sixty thousand pounds of the bark, most of which comes to the United States. There were several exhibits of living rubber-producing plants, embracing a considerable number of species; but they were shown along with exhibits of rubber or other products, or as botanical specimens, and not as cultivated trees producing a commercial pro duct. In fact, as yet, rubber, as a commercial product, is nowhere ^ produced from cultivated trees. \- /"V - U. -’rT ' . " ' . -