ITALY. 39 7. Burato.—The word means a stiff cloth or canvas (“ toille clere ” of Taglienti, 1527), on which the pattern is embroidered, reducing it to a kind of rude lace. One of the pattern hooks 17 is devoted exclusively to its teaching. 8. Punto di Venezia.—The Venetian points, line and wonder ful works of the needle, that baffle all description, and are endless in variety. The grounded laces fabricated at Burano will be noticed later. 9. Punto tirato.—Drawn-work. 18 Fig. 20 is a lace ground made by drawing the threads of muslin (fili tirati). 19 The present Fig. 20. Panto tirato. Drawn lace. specimen is simple in design, but some are very complicated and beautiful. Italy, we believe, furnished her own thread. “ Fine white or nun’s thread is made by the Augustine nuns of Crema, twisted after the manner as the silk of Bolonia, writes Skippin, 1631. 17 Burato. See Appendix. 18 There are many patterns for this work in “ Le Pompe di Minerva,” 1612. Taglienti (1530) has “desfilato” among his “ puuti.” 13 Many other points are enumerated in the pattern books, of which wo know nothing, sucli as “gnsii” (IFrutti, 1564), “ trezola” (ibid.), “ rimessi ” (Vera Fer- fetttone, 1591).