nearly as absolute an authority as a chess player does over his pieces. If this new system has not diminished the destructiveness of war, it has, at least, very much abated the rancorous feelings with which it was originally carried on. It has converted it from a contest of fierce and vindictive passions into an exercise of science. We have still, doubt less, to lament that the game of blood occasions, whenever it is played, so terrible a waste of human life and happiness; but even the dis placement of that brute force, and those other merely animal impulses, by which it used to be mainly directed, and the substitution of regulating principles of a comparatively intel lectual and unimpassioned nature, may be considered as indicating, even here, a triumph of civilization. It is impossible that the business of war can be so corrupting to those engaged in it when it is chiefly a contest of skill, as when it is wholly a contest of passion. Nor is it calculated in the one form to occupy the imagination of a people, as it will do in the other. The evil is therefore mitigated by the introduction of those arts which to many may appear aggravations of this curse of mankind. Rutherford does not take any notice of the pas, or as they have been called, eppas, or hippahs,* which are found in so many of the *The former word, “Pa,” is correct.