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The photographic news
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- 35.1891
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- 1891
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- Bandzählung
- No. 1691, January 30, 1891
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88 THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS. [January 30, 1891. FERROUS OXALATE DEVELOPMENT AND SOME MODIFICATIONS. In our notice of Dr. Liesegang’s annual on page 32 we remarked upon a statement calculated to create some sur prise amongst English readers, to the effect that the result of a canvas amongst German professional photo graphers showed the users of ferrous oxalate as a developer to be as five to one in proportion to those who employ pyrogallic acid for that purpose. The work of the Ger mans is by no means behind, and, with a view of placing before our readers the most recent review of the subject, we subjoin the following, taken from an article by E. Kiewning on “The Ferrous Oxalate Developer and its Variations,” in Dr. Liesegang’s Almanac. “The very valuable enquiry set on foot by the editor of the Photograplusches Archiv, 1 Which kind of development is employed in the most important photographic establish ments ? ’ has resulted in the surprising information that, for the most part, practical photographers still give the preference to the oxalate developer. " Other developers, of which hydrokinone stands in the first rank, are, on account of their peculiar adaptibility for certain cases, not to be condemned. Hydrokinone, particularly for instantaneous exposures, and for land scape purposes, renders most important services, con cerning which I shall have something to say on another occasion ; but none of the known developers permits of such manifold applications as the ferrous oxalate, and this on account of the variations that may be made in it, variations that with other developers arc simply impossible. “ It is not only that with the accustomed and well- known formula of normal proportions it works brilliantly, but we have at hand a modification by adding more or less of the iron solution, either in the first instance, or in the course of development. “ Another variation is the preliminary bath. It is well- known what can be accomplished by the use of a prelim inary bath, especially with plates of certain make, and having regard to certain conditions, conditions which I have indicated in a previous article in the Photograplusches Archiv, 1889, p. 197. “A further variation is a bath with oxalate of potash, and a small addition of hyposulphite of soda, followed by an addition of iron solution, which, under certain cir cumstances, yields a very brilliant result. “For subjects of very great contrast, in which very bright lights as well as deep, heavy shadows have to be photographed, the oxalate developer is capable of render ing most valuable service, as I have mentioned in a com munication to the Berlin Society of Photographic Operators, and particularly when used in the following manner, as I have often experienced. “ The plate is first immersed in a solution of iron and hyposulphite of soda, and then, this solution being poured off, it is followed by one of simple oxalate of potash, and the development thus effected. It is astonishing what this variation of the developer permits us to accomplish in the cases mentioned, whether, say, in landscape photo graphy, we take the case where light buildings in a dazzling illumination have to be photographed along with large masses of deep green foliage; or in portraiture, where a lady in white dress is photographed with agentle- man clothed in black. Another case is that of what is called artistic lighting effect, when, for instance, a person at a window in direct sunlight is photographed from within the apartment. Here the apparatus, contrary to all the cus tomary proceedings, is directed almost to the light itself. The method of development just described may be em ployed with the happiest results. “ To go more into detail. Prepare a solution of hypo sulphite of soda of 2 per cent., and of this add according to the requirements of the case—say, for a plate of cabinet size—5, 6, or up to 10 drops to each 50 c. cm. (about 13 ounces) of iron solution. The proportion of hypo in this preliminary bath is about 1 in 2,000 to 2,500. The plate is immersed in this solution for from one to two minutes, and the solution is then poured off and preserved for further use, and the oxalate solution is poured on. If with this treatment the contrasts appear too weak, a small quantity of fresh iron solution may be added, and a very considerable amount of vigour be thereby gained. " Another important advantage of the oxalate developer is that the gelatine film becomes tanned, so that, for the purpose of obtaining the utmost sensitiveness, and of work of which the plate is susceptible, it will bear to be warmed to a considerable degree without danger of losing the film during development. This is an advantage of less consequence in summer-time, but in winter is of great importance, for the sensitiveness and softness of the nega tive are enhanced to a great extent thereby. I have, in this way, taken instantaneous flash-light pictures on plates that were by no means particularly sensitive, using the hypo preliminary bath at a temperature of 18° to 20° Reaumur (72° to 77° Fahrenheit), and an oxalate developer warmed to 30", 35",and even 40" Reaumur (100° to 122" Fahrenheit) ■with the most gratifying results. “ With alkaline developers, whether pyrogallic, hydro kinone, or eikonogen, the temperature of 18®, or at the highest 20" Reaumur, can be exceeded only with the greatest caution, if the danger of frilling or losing the film is not to be incurred. “ The oxalate developer has the advantage, seen especi ally in portrait photography, over all alkaline developers, of giving greater harmony in the gradation of tone. Whoever is sensitive in this regard will, on comparison, soon find the difference. In this, as in all other matters, Prove all things, and hold fast to that which is best.” LEEDS PHOTOGRAPHIC Society.—Syllabus of meetings for February. February 5th, “ A Good and Bad Photograph,” with lantern and othei illustrations, Mr. C. H. Bothamley, F.I.C. ; February 16th, “ Development,” Mr. S. A. Warburton ; February 26th, Exhibition of Lantern Slides. A Dangerous Flash-Light.—“Run! the building is falling ! ” This cry came from the throats of a thousand people standing near the City Hall at 9.45 last evening. There had just been a heavy explosion, and a great stone had fallen from the roof. Both were the result of an effort to photograph the new Pulitzer building. On the roof had gathered six young men, preparing to take an instantaneous picture. One of the men dropped a spark from a blazing match into a box of magnesium or flash-light powder. The report that followed exceeded anything they had dreamed of. It could be heard a long distance, and the big building was rocked to its base by the explosion. The six men on the roof were thrown flat on their backs, and a three hundred pound coping stone went crashing down to the pavement below. When the people had calmed down they went round to learn what damage had been done. They discovered that about every window pane on the east side of the hall had been broken, but otherwise no damage had been done, so far as could be learned. A lot of small stones were also thrown from the roof, and these struck a good many people, but no one was seriously hurt.—The Brooklyn Journal,
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