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The photographic news
- Bandzählung
- 7.1863
- Erscheinungsdatum
- 1863
- Sprache
- Englisch
- Signatur
- F 135
- Vorlage
- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
- Digitalisat
- Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- SLUB Dresden
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- Public Domain Mark 1.0
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- urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-db-id1780948042-186300004
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- http://digital.slub-dresden.de/id1780948042-18630000
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- LDP: Historische Bestände der Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst Leipzig
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- Parlamentsperiode
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- Bandzählung
- No. 274, December 4, 1863
- Digitalisat
- SLUB Dresden
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Zeitschrift
The photographic news
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Band
Band 7.1863
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- Register Index 619
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Band
Band 7.1863
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584 THE PHOTOGRAPHIC NEWS. [DEOEMBER 4,1863. D is a wooden tray carrying the gutta-percha trough. E is a metallic axis attached to the tray, I), and turning in gudgeons fixed on a strong wooden frame, F. From this it will be seen that the tray, D, and the trough attached to it, will rock with the motion of a see-saw upon the centre E. H is a cog-wheel, into the notches of which one stop, attached to the tray, D, works, and another attached to the stand, F, thus causing the wheel to advance a notch each time the trough makes a complete oscillation. Fig. 2 shows the apparatus in section. The letters indi cate the same parts in each figure. 11 are conical valves opening into the compartments A and B. When the trough is made to rook, as either end descends, the valve in it is raised by striking at the point J within a pipe, which discharges from the two ends by a common orifice at G. K is a moving conterpoise, formed by a number of bullets rolling in a metal tube, L L. M, moveable diaphragms or shelves, carried in a lose frame fitting into each trough, upon each of which a print is to be placed. Fig. 3 represents the diaphragms and the frame which carries them. From the above description, it will be evident that when the axis of the apparatus is placed under a tap, if the water is allowed to flow, it will fall into the compartment which is uppermost (fig. 1 A), where it will accumulate until its weight causes that end of the trough to descend. When this occurs, the valve (fig. 2 I), will be raised, allowing the water rapidly to escape, from the lowest part of the vessel into the waste-pipe, and in a few moments each picture will be left lying on the inclined surface of a diaphragm to drain. By the same movement the upper part of the partition C will be carried to the other side of the stream of water ; and, consequently, it will now flow into the compartment B. At the same time, the weight, K, will roll by the force of gravity and place itself under the compartment which is becoming empty, where it will supply weight, in place of the escaping water, until the compartment B has received the quantity for which the apparatus is adjusted, when it will in turn descend, its valve will be opened, the weight will place itself underneath it, and A will again be filling. By these movements, which will have once filled and emptied each compartment, the index will be moved on one division. Thus the apparatus, when charged with prints, and placed under a stream of water, without any further attention, com pletely changes the water at definite intervals, allowing it to escape from the lowest part of the vessel. It exposes the prints singly to the action of the water. It drains them in an inclined position between each change. It registers the number of changes, and consequently the quantity of water passed over the pictures, thus enabling the operator to employ a definite and uniform amount of washing; And it causes sufficient motion among the pictures to prevent the adhesion of bubbles to their surface. Experiment proves that, other things being the same, it washes in less than one-sixth the time of the ordinary tray, and with a proportionately smaller quantity of water. The apparatus now shown has been made for me by Mr. Wood, of 74, Cheapside, who, with his usual skill, has ex cellently carried out my views. Mr. Wood is prepared, I believe, to supply the apparatus of any size, and of the most economical construction. In its simplest form, the apparatus may be made without I either valves or weight, merely having a hole at each end, through which the water may escape. But it then becomes necessary considerably to increase the length of the trough, and the angle through which it moves, in order to admit of the accumulation of sufficient water ; and this is objectionable because the long descent causes a violent agitation of the water, and also because the water, whilst accumulating, lies too exclusively in the angle at the base of the partition. These inconveniences are entirely overcome by the moving counterpoise, by means of which the angle of motion may be reduced, and the quantity of water accumulated between each change increased to any extent desired. The counter poise may take various forms. I at first used a weight swing ing, under the apparatus, at the end of an arm around a centre near one end of the axis E ; but probably the cheapest and most convenient will be found to be a sufficient number of large bullets enclosed in a brass or tin tube, in which they can roll freely: as many of such tubes can be attached to the bottom of the trough as may be found necessary. In the small apparatus shown, mercury is substituted for the bullets; and it is placed in a glass tube in front of the trough, that its motion may bo seen. One large ball will be found to produce an unpleasant shook, and the same disadvantage attaches to the swinging weight. Possibly a useful modifi cation may be made, especially if a porcelain trough be desired, by prolonging the arm of the weight a little behind its axis, and there causing it to compress alternately caoutchouc tubes leading the waste water from the ends of the trough. No valves would then bo required. On a large scale it may probably be found advantageous to employ the swinging weight attached to a rod carried above the trough, parallel to the partition (C). The power of the counterpoise can then bo adjusted either by its absolute weight, or by the height above the axis (E) at which it is placed, or by the length of the arm on which it swings, or, if sufficiently elevated and heavy, it need not swing at all. If very large numbers of pictures had to be washed, the apparatus might take the form of a series of double troughs, placed side by side, along a common axis, each pair being supplied with water by a jet from a common supply-pipe placed, parallel to the axis, above them. In the construction of the apparatus it will probably be found sufficient if the trough moves through an arc of 20°, which will give 18 divisions on the index wheel. The motion in the apparatus shown is 30°, and is unnecessarily great. It may be found useful to have a float-board to prevent the water slopping over when the full end descends. In the apparatus made for me, Mr. Wood has ingeniously added a second index-wheel in front of the first, but having one tooth more, and an opening in its face, which shows, one at a time, a second series of figures on the first wheel, and thus it very prettily records the number of revolutions of the first wheel; but such a provision is scarcely required. I have tried numerous plans for keeping the pictures apart. My first attempt was to use straw mats of the kind employed for covering cream cheese. Then, with much trouble, I got some thin sheet gutta-percha corrugated so aS to present a surface like the straws. Experiments soon proved that the plain gutta-percha without channels answered the same purpose and retained less water, and was less liable to injure the pictures; but it has the great disadvantage of adhering very closely to the paper after draining, and form ing a mass which floats bodily, and only loosens again very slowly. Thus I was led to adopt diaphragms having an independent support. On the small scale, glass can be used. It may slide in metal groves, such as are used for plate-boxes. On the large scale, probably tin plates may be used. The space between the diaphragms need not exceed the thickness of patent plate glass. As they occupy an inclined position, when the water enters, it drives the air before it, the stronger solution gravitates to the lowest part of the trough ; and as no wave motion can occur in such a cell, when the water is discharged, it ebbs out, leaving the paper smoothly laid on the incline to drain. The support of the diaphragms directs Fig. 3.
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